Vocabulaire - مفردات - Vocabulary
French | Arabic | English |
Cultures in vitro | زراعات زجاجية | in vitro cultures |
Culture de protoplastes | زراعة البروتوبلاست | Protoplast culture |
Organogenèse | تطوير عضوي | Organogenesis |
Embryogenèse somatique | تطوير جنيني جسدي | Embryogenesis |
Explant avec bourgeon | مزدرع ب برعم | Explant with bud |
Androgenèse | النشوء الذكري | Androgenesis |
Culture de cellules isolées | زراعة الخلايا المنعزلة | Isolated cell culture |
Cell suspension culture is a mode of cell culture where single cells or in small aggregates can multiply and function in a stirred growth medium. Plant cell cultures are a potential source of valuable secondary metabolites that can be used as food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical additives.
تعد زراعة الخلايا المستعلقة نمطا من الزراعات الزجاجية حيث يمكن للخلايا المفردة أو في مجاميع صغيرة أن تعمل وتتكاثر في وسط نمو تحت تحريك، وبالتالي تشكل تعليقًا. تمثل مزارع الخلايا النباتية مصدرًا محتملاً للمستقلبات الثانوية القيمة التي يمكن استخدامها كغذاء ومضافات غذائية وصيدلانية. |
La culture de cellules en suspension est un mode de culture cellulaire où des cellules individuelles ou en petits agrégats peuvent fonctionner et se multiplier dans un milieu de croissance agité, formant ainsi une suspension. Les cultures de cellules végétales représentent une source potentielle de précieux métabolites secondaires qui peuvent être utilisés comme additifs alimentaires, nutraceutiques et pharmaceutiques. |
The Objective of the cell culture:
Two Main Objectives:
- Regeneration of vitro-plants in mass (example by somatic embryogenesis)
- Production of natural substances of economic interest.
Technical steps of regeneration from isolated cells
• Initiation of calluses on an agar medium (in the presence of auxins).
• Transplanting the calluses on a stirred liquid medium (to isolate the cells). Friable callus is the starting plant material for establishing a plant cell suspension for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites (no need for embryogenic callus)
• Subculturing on an embryo initiation medium (often without auxins)
• Development of vitroplants
Other Interests of Cell Cultures
• Pharmaceuticals
• Various pigments
• Natural flavors
• Enzymes
• Alkaloid substances: atropine, nicotine, morphine, antitumor substances…
Possibilities:
• control the environment (pH, light, addition of inhibitors, etc.)
• shorten production time or cultivation/whole plant time
•select and multiply high-yielding cells or make cells more productive
Example of Coleus and production of rosmarinic acid:
In the mother plant: production of 3% rosmarinic acid / Weight of MS: by culture of isolated cells 15% / Weight of MS.
Rosmarinic acid is a bioactive compound of plant origin, from the family of polyphenols found in lamiaceae plants. Rosmarinic acid has remarkable pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-carcinogenic.
Ability to control external factors
• Light (favorable effect of certain wavelengths: eg UV)
• Growth substances (auxins, cytokinins…)
Installation of Bio-reactors
• Possibility of adding the precursors of the substances to be synthesized
• Possibility of using inhibitors that promote the biosynthetic pathways of the substances sought at the expense of other pathways (eg flavonoid compounds).
Examples of cell culture
Example study on Cannabis sativa
QUIZ
QUESTION 1. The production of secondary metabolites requires the use of:(!Meristem culture)(!Protoplast culture)(!Axillary buds culture)(Cell suspension culture)
QUESTION 2. La culture de cellules isolées nécessite la formation de: ( Cal friable)(!cal compact)(!embryons somatiques)(!Bourgeons adventifs)
QUESTION 3. En culture de cellules isolées, la courbe de croissance présente souvent une allure :(sigmoïde)(! hyperbolique)(!linéaire)
USEFUL LINKS
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Micropropagation et culture in vitro d'espèces végétales
الإكثار الدقيق و الزراعة الزجاجية للأصناف النباتية
- In vitro cultures by androgenesis and gynogenesis. Haplo-dipoidization techniques - الزراعات الزجاجية. النشوء الذكري
- Préparation du milieu de culture de Murashige et Skoog
- Plant Protoplast culture
زراعة البروتوبلاست
- Conformité génétique, variations somaclonales et contraintes
الزراعات الزجاجية. التطابق الوراثي، التغيرات الجسدمستنسخة
Genetic conformity (true-to-type), somaclonal variations and constraints
- Palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Micropropagation in vitro- الزراعة الزجاجية لنخيل التمر
- Vitro-plants. Modifications - تغيرات نواتج الزراعات الزجاجية
- Biotechnologies. QCM
البيوتكنولوجيات. اختبار للمعرفة
- congrès
SMBBM 2009
- Vitro-plants du palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.) obtenus par culture des tissus in vitro
زراعة الأنسجة عند نخيل التمر
- Embryogenèse
somatique che le palmier dattier
- Marquage en vitro-culture