In vitro cultures. Isolated cell culture and production of secondary metabolites
الزراعات الزجاجية. زراعة الخلايا المنعزلة

Vocabulaire - مفردات - Vocabulary

In vitro cultures. Isolated cell culture and production of secondary metabolites
الزراعات الزجاجية. زراعة الخلايا المنعزلة

Cell suspension culture is a mode of cell culture where single cells or in small aggregates can multiply and function in a stirred growth medium. Plant cell cultures are a potential source of valuable secondary metabolites that can be used as food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical additives.

The Objective of the cell culture:

Two Main Objectives:
- Regeneration of vitro-plants in mass (example by somatic embryogenesis) - Production of natural substances of economic interest.
Technical steps of regeneration from isolated cells
• Initiation of calluses on an agar medium (in the presence of auxins).
• Transplanting the calluses on a stirred liquid medium (to isolate the cells). Friable callus is the starting plant material for establishing a plant cell suspension for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites (no need for embryogenic callus)
• Subculturing on an embryo initiation medium (often without auxins)
• Development of vitroplants

Other Interests of Cell Cultures

• Pharmaceuticals
• Various pigments
• Natural flavors
• Enzymes
• Alkaloid substances: atropine, nicotine, morphine, antitumor substances…
Possibilities:
• control the environment (pH, light, addition of inhibitors, etc.)
• shorten production time or cultivation/whole plant time
•select and multiply high-yielding cells or make cells more productive
Example of Coleus and production of rosmarinic acid:

In the mother plant: production of 3% rosmarinic acid / Weight of MS: by culture of isolated cells 15% / Weight of MS.
Rosmarinic acid is a bioactive compound of plant origin, from the family of polyphenols found in lamiaceae plants. Rosmarinic acid has remarkable pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-carcinogenic.

Ability to control external factors

• Light (favorable effect of certain wavelengths: eg UV)
• Growth substances (auxins, cytokinins…)

Installation of Bio-reactors

• Possibility of adding the precursors of the substances to be synthesized
• Possibility of using inhibitors that promote the biosynthetic pathways of the substances sought at the expense of other pathways (eg flavonoid compounds).