Plants. Fungal diseases

**Fungal diseases in plants. Examples of cucurbitaceae and Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm)**

Master commun: Microbiologie appliquée-Gestion et valorisation des phytoressources, Module 'Phytopathologie et méthodes de lutte'
Fungal diseases in plants. When plants are attacked by fungi, they show external and internal symptoms. Examples of cucurbitaceae and Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm)
Fungi are everywhere. On Earth, there are approximately 1.5 million different species of fungi, but only about 300 species are known to be human pathogenic (to make people sick). Fungal diseases are characterised by external and internal symptoms

Pathogenic fungi for cucurbitaceae. Examples

Alternaria. leaf blight (Alternariose des brûlures foliaires)
Alternaria leaf blight is a fungal disease caused by the pathogen Alternaria cucumerina. Symptoms :

Downy mildew (mildiou)
Downy mildew is caused by the fungus Pseudoperonospora cubensis, affects muskmelon (melon, البطيخ، الشمام, Cucumis melo L.) and cucumber. Symptoms :

Powdery mildew (loïdium)
Powdery mildew is a foliar disease that occurs late in the season on muskmelons (melon, البطيخ، الشمام, Cucumis melo L.). It is less common on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus, pastèque, الدلاع). Two fungi are responsible for powdery mildew: Golovinomyces cichoracearum and Podosphaera xanthii. Symptoms :

Fusarium wilt
A second wilt disease of cucurbits is Fusarium wilt. Each host crop is susceptible only to its own particular strain of the fungus. Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.melonis affects muskmelon and F. oxysporum f.sp.niveum affects watermelon. Within each strain of the fungus, different races attack various cultivars. Symptoms :

Anthracnose
Anthracnose is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium, can be a destructive disease of muskmelons during warm, wet growing seasons. The disease also attacks watermelon, cucumber and gourds. Symptoms :

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Date palm diseases Examples

مرض خياس الطلع (تعفن الطلع)
Date palm inflorescence rot
The fungus Mauginiella scaettae, is the causative agent of date palms inflorescence rot disease (pourriture):

مرض تفحم أوراق النخيل (تبقع السعف الجرافيولي، Graphiolaleaf spot).

Graphiola leaf spot of date palm (known as false smut) is a fungus that usually attacks the upper and lower sides of the pinnae and sometimes infects the rachis of older leaves. Infected leaves develop numerous dark brown spots.

مرض التعفن الدبلودي (Diplodiadisease).

Diplodia disease is caused by Diplodia phoenicum (Sacc). It has been recorded on 20 date varieties all around the world, although it appears to be most common to Deglet Nour variety: